Why Magnetic Mapping Works

Kimberlite and olivine lamproite often show geophysical signatures that contrast with the surrounding country rock. Both of these rock types are relatively dense compared to most other rocks. As a result, they tend to show up as gravity highs with high seismic velocities. However, the most effective geophysical tools used to prospect for diamond pipes are magnetics and conductivity.

One by-product of serpentinization is the production of disseminated magnetite. Serpentinized kimberlite and olivine lamproite may contain enough secondary magnetite to yield significant dipolar magnetic anomalies, especially if the intruded host rocks have highly contrasting magnetic susceptibility. Magnetic anomalies are typically higher where kimberlite outcrops at the surface. Where the kimberlite is intensely weathered and has a thick cover of ‘blue ground’, much of the near surface magnetite is replaced by non-magnetic hematite, yielding only weak magnetic signatures.

Weathered kimberlite produces blue-ground composed of appreciable montmorillonite clay. Clay being highly conductive, yields distinct conductivity highs and resistivity lows. Using geophysical instruments, such as a Geonics EM31, the conductivity highs associated with subsurface clays may be mapped.

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